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Stress History

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Fruit Moth

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Heat Units

The concept of heat units (HUs, also known as growing degree days, GDDs) is based on the fact that plant development stages depend on the accumulated heat experienced prior to a critical phenological milestone. In general, it holds that the…

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Daily Minimum Temperature in July

Both low and high night-time temperatures in winter can limit fruit crop productive potential. Very early flowering stone fruit cultivars can develop chilling injury to buds when temperatures are very low during flowering, while hot nights in this period can…

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Long Duration Design Rainfall

Many types of agricultural conservation and hydraulic engineering structures are designed to accommodate rainfall-produced floods of a certain magnitude in order to function safely at a given level of risk. Models of flood attributes such as peak discharges and flood…

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Hot Days

Fruit crops have critical upper temperature limits for growth and fruit quality. At air temperature > 35°C, many physiological processes (e.g. photosynthesis) decline, certain metabolites (e.g. red pigment) begin to be destroyed, and tissue damage (e.g. sunburn) can occur. The…

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Red Colour

The criteria used to determine conditions conducive to peel red colour development were broadly based on experimental research in South African apple orchards, and modelled for mid- to late-season blushed/bi-colour cultivars for the months March and April. The criteria used…

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Wet Spells

Wet spells are the inverse of dry spells and are a temporary aberration that can occur in low as well as high rainfall areas. Three durations of wet spells were considered for each Quinary catchment, viz. periods of either 2,…

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Chill – Month Achieved

The Daily Positive Chill Unit (or PCU), also known as the Modified Utah Chill Unit model or the Infruitec model, was used to produce maps of mean seasonal or monthly chill units. The optimum temperature range for chilling accumulation is…

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Shifts in Chill Regimes

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